使用场景

1、下单成功,30分钟未支付。支付超时,自动取消订单

2、订单签收,签收后7天未进行评价。订单超时未评价,系统默认好评

3、下单成功,商家5分钟未接单,订单取消

4、配送超时,推送短信提醒

......

对于延时比较长的场景、实时性不高的场景,我们可以采用任务调度的方式定时轮询处理。如:xxl-job

今天我们采用一种比较简单、轻量级的方式,使用 Redis 的延迟队列来进行处理。当然有更好的解决方案,可根据公司的技术选型和业务体系选择最优方案。如:使用消息中间件Kafka、RabbitMQ 的延迟队列

先不讨论其实现原理,直接实战上代码先实现基于 Redis 的延迟队列

1、引入 Redisson 依赖

<dependency> <groupId>org.redisson</groupId> <artifactId>redisson-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.10.5</version></dependency>

2、Nacos 配置 Redis 连接

spring: redis: host: 127.0.0.1 port: 6379 password: 123456 database: 12 timeout: 3000

3、创建 RedissonConfig 配置

/** * Created by LPB on 2020/04/20. */@Configurationpublic class RedissonConfig { @Value("${spring.redis.host}")private String host;@Value("${spring.redis.port}")private int port;@Value("${spring.redis.database}")private int database;@Value("${spring.redis.password}")private String password; @Beanpublic RedissonClient redissonClient() {Config config = new Config();config.useSingleServer().setAddress("redis://" + host + ":" + port).setDatabase(database).setPassword(password);return Redisson.create(config);} }

4、封装 Redis 延迟队列工具类

/** * redis延迟队列工具 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */@Slf4j@Componentpublic class RedisDelayQueueUtil { @Autowiredprivate RedissonClient redissonClient; /** * 添加延迟队列 * @param value 队列值 * @param delay 延迟时间 * @param timeUnit 时间单位 * @param queueCode 队列键 * @param <T> */ public <T> void addDelayQueue(T value, long delay, TimeUnit timeUnit, String queueCode){ try { RBlockingDeque<Object> blockingDeque = redissonClient.getBlockingDeque(queueCode); RDelayedQueue<Object> delayedQueue = redissonClient.getDelayedQueue(blockingDeque); delayedQueue.offer(value, delay, timeUnit);log.info("(添加延时队列成功) 队列键:{},队列值:{},延迟时间:{}", queueCode, value, timeUnit.toSeconds(delay) + "秒"); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("(添加延时队列失败) {}", e.getMessage()); throw new RuntimeException("(添加延时队列失败)"); } } /** * 获取延迟队列 * @param queueCode * @param <T> * @return * @throws InterruptedException */ public <T> T getDelayQueue(String queueCode) throws InterruptedException { RBlockingDeque<Map> blockingDeque = redissonClient.getBlockingDeque(queueCode); T value = (T) blockingDeque.take(); return value;}}

5、创建延迟队列业务枚举

/** * 延迟队列业务枚举 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */@Getter@NoArgsConstructor@AllArgsConstructorpublic enum RedisDelayQueueEnum { ORDER_PAYMENT_TIMEOUT("ORDER_PAYMENT_TIMEOUT","订单支付超时,自动取消订单", "orderPaymentTimeout"),ORDER_TIMEOUT_NOT_EVALUATED("ORDER_TIMEOUT_NOT_EVALUATED", "订单超时未评价,系统默认好评", "orderTimeoutNotEvaluated"); /** * 延迟队列 Redis Key */private String code; /** * 中文描述 */private String name; /** * 延迟队列具体业务实现的 Bean * 可通过 Spring 的上下文获取 */private String beanId; }

6、定义延迟队列执行器

/** * 延迟队列执行器 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */public interface RedisDelayQueueHandle<T> { void execute(T t); }

7、创建枚举中定义的Bean,并实现延迟队列执行器 OrderPaymentTimeout:订单支付超时延迟队列处理类

/** * 订单支付超时处理类 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */@Component@Slf4jpublic class OrderPaymentTimeout implements RedisDelayQueueHandle<Map> {@Overridepublic void execute(Map map) {log.info("(收到订单支付超时延迟消息) {}", map);// TODO 订单支付超时,自动取消订单处理业务... }}

OrderTimeoutNotEvaluated:订单超时未评价延迟队列处理类

/** * 订单超时未评价处理类 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */@Component@Slf4jpublic class OrderTimeoutNotEvaluated implements RedisDelayQueueHandle<Map> {@Overridepublic void execute(Map map) {log.info("(收到订单超时未评价延迟消息) {}", map);// TODO 订单超时未评价,系统默认好评处理业务... }}

8、创建延迟队列消费线程,项目启动完成后开启

/** * 启动延迟队列 * Created by LPB on 2021/04/20. */@Slf4j@Componentpublic class RedisDelayQueueRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowiredprivate RedisDelayQueueUtil redisDelayQueueUtil; @Overridepublic void run(String... args) {new Thread(() -> {while (true){try {RedisDelayQueueEnum[] queueEnums = RedisDelayQueueEnum.values();for (RedisDelayQueueEnum queueEnum : queueEnums) {Object value = redisDelayQueueUtil.getDelayQueue(queueEnum.getCode());if (value != null) {RedisDelayQueueHandle redisDelayQueueHandle = SpringUtil.getBean(queueEnum.getBeanId());redisDelayQueueHandle.execute(value);}}} catch (InterruptedException e) {log.error("(Redis延迟队列异常中断) {}", e.getMessage());}}}).start();log.info("(Redis延迟队列启动成功)");}}

以上步骤,Redis 延迟队列核心代码已经完成,下面我们写一个测试接口,用 PostMan 模拟测试一下

9、创建一个测试接口,模拟添加延迟队列

/** * 延迟队列测试 * Created by LPB on 2020/04/20. */@RestControllerpublic class RedisDelayQueueController { @Autowiredprivate RedisDelayQueueUtil redisDelayQueueUtil; @PostMapping("/addQueue")public void addQueue() {Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<>();map1.put("orderId", "100");map1.put("remark", "订单支付超时,自动取消订单"); Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<>();map2.put("orderId", "200");map2.put("remark", "订单超时未评价,系统默认好评"); // 添加订单支付超时,自动取消订单延迟队列。为了测试效果,延迟10秒钟redisDelayQueueUtil.addDelayQueue(map1, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, RedisDelayQueueEnum.ORDER_PAYMENT_TIMEOUT.getCode()); // 订单超时未评价,系统默认好评。为了测试效果,延迟20秒钟redisDelayQueueUtil.addDelayQueue(map2, 20, TimeUnit.SECONDS, RedisDelayQueueEnum.ORDER_TIMEOUT_NOT_EVALUATED.getCode());} }

10、启动 SpringBoot 项目,用 PostMan 调用接口添加延迟队列 通过 Redis 客户端可看到两个延迟队列已添加成功

查看 IDEA 控制台日志可看到延迟队列已消费成功

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